ABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The pain caused by orthodontic treatment has been considered as tough problems in orthodontic practice. Danggui-shaoyao-san (DSS) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription which has long been used for pain treatment and possesses antioxidative, cognitive enhancing and antidepressant effects. We raise the hypothesis that DSS exerts analgesic effect for orthodontic pain via inhibiting the activations of neuron and microglia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>DSS was given twice a day from day 5 prior to experimental tooth movement (ETM). Directed face grooming and vacuous chewing movements (VCM) were evaluated. Immunofluorescent histochemistry and Western blot analysis were used to quantify the Iba-1 (microglia activation) and Fos (neuronal activation) expression levels in the trigeminal spinal nucleus caudalis (Vc).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>ETM significantly increased directed face grooming and VCM which reached the peak at post-operative day (POD) 1 and gradually decreased to the baseline at POD 7. However, a drastic peak increase of Fos expression in Vc was observed at 4 hours and gradually decreased to baseline at POD 7; while the increased Iba-1 level reached the peak at POD 1 and gradually decreased to baseline at POD 7. Furthermore, pre-treatment with DSS significantly attenuated the ETM induced directed face grooming and VCM as well as the Fos and Iba-1 levels at POD 1.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Treatment with DSS had significant analgesic effects on ETM-induced pain, which was accompanied with inhibition of both neuronal and microglial activation.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Therapeutic Uses , Face , Physiology , Mastication , Physiology , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Methods , Microglia , Physiology , Neurons , Physiology , Pain , Drug Therapy , Pain Management , Methods , Postoperative Period , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Tooth Movement TechniquesABSTRACT
Crossbite of upper and lower second molars is a common malocclusion. It is difficult to treat such cases. 4 kinds of treatments according to different situations are recommended. One is a mutual elastics on the upper and lower teeth. The second method is to move upper and lower teeth by archwire lingually and bucally. The third is to extract the second molars, while the third molars drift automatically. The fourth is using mini-implant as an anchorage to move the teeth to correct position. This article evaluated the advantages and disadvantages of the 4 kinds of methods. We also discussed how to choose the appliances as well as what we should pay attention to treat this malocclusion.
ABSTRACT
In this paper,the attachment of a China-made removable clear orthodontics appliances are introduced. The clinical attachment positions and considerations were illustrated with clinical pictures. A typical case was attached for demonstration.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To establish a three-dimensional visualization model of craniofacial hard and soft tissues with data based on CT. It could be used in clinic as diagnosis and operation simulation. Methods:Original data of patients' craniofacial hard and soft tissues by CT scanning was transferred into the system. After 2-D and 3-D image preprocessing, advanced Marching Cubes Algorithm (Marching Tetrahedron Algorithm) was used for surface fitting;3-D volume rendering was accomplished by footprint method. Results: The whole craniofacial frame and its surface could be observed clearly in reconstructed 3-D Model. Furthermore, the 3-D Model could be seen from any sight angle and sectioned in any direction and place. Doctors could observe the characters of craniofacial deformity for more details. Conclusion: The problems of X-ray reflection of metal brackets, control of X-ray dosage and time spending in 3-dimensional visualization model reconstruction were solved. This model could be used in clinic for diagnosis and operation simulation.